Since people all around the world have enjoyed music, there is a wide range today. The Sachs-Hornbostel system remains a popular way to classify them into four main groups. The four main groups are idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, and aerophones.
Players of idiophones hit or scrapes to create vibrations. Examples are xylophones and rattles. Membranophones, like idiophones, are devices that a player may also hit, but these have membranes. The membranes are stretched to give a vibrating tone. An example is a drum.
Chordophones have a stretched string. The player either rubs a bow across the string or strikes the string. Diverse and popular examples are violins, violas, cellos, and pianos.
Aerophones are the type that a player blows into. The sound comes from the vibrating tube of air. Examples are flutes and horns. Within aerophones, there are woodwinds and brass groups, key players in Western music orchestras. A woodwind is an aerophone that has a sharp edge or reed. Flutes, clarinets, bagpipes, and oboes are all woodwinds.
The members of the brass section have a tube. When the player blows, he or she vibrates his or her lips in order to get a vibrating sound from the area of air. Some brass examples have valves, operated by buttons. These include the French horn, trumpet, and tuba. Others use a slide mechanism to adjust the sound, such as a trombone.
Electrophones, a category added later, use electronics to create sound. An example is an electronic keyboard. With new electronic technology, musical instruments continue to evolve, but their purpose dates back thousands of years, to evoke human emotion through sound.
Source: http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Basic-Introduction-To-Musical-Instruments&id=5517866
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